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EN High radiation
Overview
Radiation has sufficient energy to affect the atoms in living cells and thereby damage their DNA. The cells in our bodies are extremely efficient at repairing this damage. However, if the damage is not repaired correctly, a cell may die or eventually become cancerous. Exposure to very high levels of radiation can cause acute health effects such as skin burns and acute radiation sicknes. It can also result in long-term health effects as cancer and cardiovascular disease.Radiation exposure increases the chance of getting cancer, and the risk increases as the dose increases: the higher the dose, the greater the risk. Conversely, cancer risk from radiation exposure declines as the dose falls: the lower the dose, the lower the risk.
Radiation doses are commonly expressed in millisieverts or rem. A dose can be determined from a one-time radiation exposure, or from accumulated exposures over time. Risks that are low for an individual could still result in unacceptable numbers of additional cancers in a large population over time. The regulatory limits and recommends emergency response guidelines well below 100 millisieverts (10 rem) to protect the population including the groups of children from increased cancer risks from accumulated radiation dose over a lifetime.Radiation Exposure Pathways
The way a person is exposed and for how long a person is exposed are all important in estimating health effects. The risk from exposure to a particular radionuclide depends on:
- The energy of the radiation it emits.
- The type of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, x-rays).
- Its activity (how often it emits radiation).
- Whether exposure is external or internal.
- External exposure is when the radioactive source is outside of your body. X-rays and gamma rays can pass through your body, depositing energy as they go.
- Internal exposure is when radioactive material gets inside the body by eating, drinking, breathing or injection (from certain medical procedures). Radionuclides may pose a serious health threat if significant quantities are inhaled or ingested.
- The rate at which the body metabolizes and eliminates the radionuclide following ingestion or inhalation.
- Where the radionuclide concentrates in the body and how long it stays there.
Things to be Aware of
some basic information can greatly reduce radiation exposure and risk for most people and help to minimize dose and risk to prevent cause cancer.1) Humans cannot sense ionizing radiation. We cannot see, hear or sense ionizing radiation under normal circumstances.
2) All radiation isnʻt the same. The radiation including Electromagnetic radiation(Sunlight), microwave radiation and ionizing radiation.
3) Ionizing Radiation comes in Waves. One form of ionizing radiation, gamma radiation is shorter and more penetrating. It has enough energy to alter atoms, molecules and DNA. It can also create free radicals in the human body.
4) Gamma Radiation and X Rays Share Similar Characteristics. X-rays are typically for the purpose of medical or industrial imaging. Some energies of gamma and x radiation are more potentially damaging than others.
Prevent high Radiation Exposure
Radiation protection is defined as the protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard by causing microscopic damage to living tissue.Fundamental to high radiation protection is the avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance and shielding. The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary, the distance from the source of radiation should be maximised, and the source shielded wherever possible.